22. Buddha (buddhavaggo)
Nội dung dưới đây được dịch tự động. Có thể chưa hoàn toàn chính xác về thuật ngữ Phật học. Vui lòng tham chiếu bản gốc tiếng Anh hoặc Pāli để đối chiếu.
```json { "title": "22. Phật (Phật phẩm)", "content": "Beal 1Thuở xưa, Đức Phật trú ngụ tại Ma-kiệt-đà, dưới cội cây che phủ Bồ-đề-đạo-tràng. Sau khi dùng oai lực (đức hạnh) của mình hàng phục Ma-vương, Ngài tự quán xét rằng năm người mà trước đây phụ vương Ngài đã sai đến chăm sóc và cung cấp đủ thức ăn cho Ngài, đã đủ duyên để nghe tiếng trống Pháp của sự sống vĩnh cửu; và nhận thấy họ đang ở Ba-la-nại, Ngài liền đứng dậy khỏi cội cây, trong khi trời đất bừng sáng với ánh sáng siêu nhiên, và mặt đất dưới chân Ngài rung chuyển. Hoan hỷ trước những điềm lành này, Ngài tiến bước, và giữa đường Ngài gặp một Phạm-chí tên là Ưu-ba-ca, ngư���i đã rời bỏ gia đình và nhà cửa để tìm một vị thầy dẫn dắt mình trên con đường chân lý. Nhìn thấy Thế Tôn, với dung mạo trang nghiêm và vẻ mặt hoan hỷ khi Ngài đang đi trên đường, Ưu-ba-ca lớn tiếng hỏi Ngài: “Thưa Ngài! Ngài đầy tư tưởng tôn giáo và tuệ giác tâm linh, Ngài có lai lịch thế nào, và ai là thầy của Ngài mà Ngài đã đạt đến trạng thái như thế này?” Đức Phật đáp lại bằng những bài kệ sau:—\n\n“Tự ta, và do chính ta, ta đã đạt được sự loại bỏ mọi ô nhiễm. Mọi ái luyến thế gian đã chấm dứt. Ta đã phá hủy lưới dục vọng. Tự ta, không thầy chỉ dạy, ta đã đạt được địa vị này; giờ đây ta không cần bất kỳ người bảo hộ hay bảo trợ nào. Ta đứng một mình, không có ai đồng hành trong hạnh nghiệp; với một mục đích duy nhất này, ta đã thành Phật, và nhờ đó, ta đã đạt được sự thánh thiện hoàn hảo.”\n\nƯu-ba-ca nghe những lời này, nhưng không có bất kỳ sự thấu hiểu tâm linh nào, hỏi thêm: “Vậy, Cồ-đàm, Ngài đang đi đường nào?” Đức Phật đáp:T 0594b05昔佛在摩竭提界善勝道場元吉樹下，德力T 0594b06降魔，坐自惟曰：「甘露法鼓聞於三千，昔父T 0594b07王遣五人，供養麻米執侍有勞，功報應敘。T 0594b08此五人者，在波羅奈國。」於是如來從樹下起，T 0594b09相好嚴儀明暉天地，威神震動，見者喜悅，至T 0594b10波羅奈國。未至中道，逢一梵志名曰憂呼，T 0594b11辭親離家求師學道，瞻覩尊妙驚喜交集。下T 0594b12在道側舉聲歎曰：「威靈感人儀雅挺特，本T 0594b13事何師乃得斯容？」
佛為憂呼而作頌曰：T 0594b14
SC Verse 157Verse 22.1「八正覺自得， 無離無所染，T 0594b15
愛盡破欲網， 自然無師受。T 0594b16SC Verse 158Verse 22.2我行無師保， 志獨無伴侶，T 0594b17
積一得作佛， 從是通聖道。」T 0594b18
憂呼聞偈悵惘不解，即問世尊瞿曇如行？T 0594b19佛告梵志：「欲詣波羅奈國擊甘露法鼓轉無T 0594b20上法輪，三界眾聖未曾有轉法輪遷人入T 0594b21泥洹如我今者也。」憂呼大喜：「善哉善哉！如T 0594b22佛言者，願聞甘露如應說法。」梵志揖已即T 0594b23便過去，未到師所於道路宿，至其夜半卒便T 0594b24命終。佛以道眼見其已終，愍傷之曰：「世間愚T 0594b25癡謂命有常，見佛捨去而獨喪亡，法鼓震動T 0594b26而獨不聞，甘露滅苦而獨不甞，展轉五道生T 0594b27死彌長，經歷劫數何時得度？」
SC Verse 159Verse 22.3「見諦淨無穢， 已度五道淵，T 0594c01
佛出照世間， 為除眾憂苦。T 0594c02SC Verse 160Verse 22.4得生人道難， 生壽亦難得，T 0594c03
世間有佛難， 佛法難得聞。」T 0594c04
佛說此偈時，空中五百天人，聞偈歡忻，皆得T 0594c05須陀洹道。
T 0594c06Beal 1In days of old Buddha was residing in Magadha, under the tree that overshadowed the Bodhimanda. Having by the power of his presence (virtue) overpowered Māra, he was considering with himself that the five men whom formerly his father had sent to look after him, and provide him with sufficient food, were in a condition to hear the sound of the drum of the Law of eternal life; and perceiving that they were at Benares, he immediately rose from underneath the tree, whilst the heaven and earth were lit up with a supernatural light, and the ground underneath him shook. Rejoiced at these indications, he went forward, and in the mid-road he encountered a Brahmachārin named Upaka (Yeon-fu), who had left his relations and home in search of a teacher to guide him in the way of truth. Beholding the World-honoured one, how reverend his appearance and joyous his mien as he went on the way, he cried to him with a loud voice, “O sir! full of religious thought and spiritual discernment, what is your history, and who has been your teacher, that you have arrived at such a condition as this?” To whom Buddha replied in the following stanzas :—
“Of myself, and by myself, have I attained to remove, nothing that defiles. All love of earthly things is at an end. I have destroyed the net of lust. Of myself, without any master, have I attained this position; nor need I now any protector or patron. Alone I stand, without any associate in conduct; having had this one aim, I have become Buddha (enlightened), and by this, have attained perfect holiness.”
Upaka having heard these words, without any spiritual understanding, asked further, “Well, Gotama, which way are you going?” To which Buddha replied, “I am going to Benares, to sound the drum of the insurpassable Law, which never yet has been heard, by which both Devas and men may attain Nirvāna, even as I now have attained.” Then Upaka joyously replied, “Well said! sadhu! may you, as you say, be able to declare the Law of Eternal Life! “And having said so, Upaka turned away on another way, and so lost the chance of finding a teacher to guide him into the right way. In the middle of that night Upaka died; on which occasion Buddha, perceiving the fact by his spiritual sight, spoke as follows (after a similar sentiment in prose):—
“Perceiving truth, pure and unalloyed, delivered from the five paths of destruction (five modes of birth), Buddha has come forth to enlighten the world, to make a way of escape from all sources of sorrow and pain. To be born as a man is difficult; to attain to years (i.e., to live long) is also difficult; to be born when Buddha is incarnate is difficult; and to hear the preaching of the Law of Buddha is difficult also.”
On hearing these words, five hundred heavenly visitors were filled with joy, and entered the Paths.
Beal 2In days of old there was a country about 4000 lis to the south of Rājagriha wholly given up to Brahmanic rites, with about a thousand Brahmans (or several thousands) as inhabitants. At a certain period there was a drought in that country, extending over a space of three years. In vain the people had made sacrifices to all their gods—no good resulted. At length the King asked the Brahmachārins how this happened; to which they replied, “We must observe the very utmost of the Law, and dismiss certain men to hold converse with Brahma Deva, and request an end of these calamities.” On which the King demanded their intentions, with a view to forward them, to which they replied, “We require to have twenty chariots, with wood, incense, unguents, flags, and money, and sacrificing vessels.” The King having provided these things, they departed from the city about seven lis, and there, on a level space of earth, they erected their wood on high, and then exhorted one another not to regard their present bodily condition, but to aspire to be born in the heaven of Brahma; and so at length seven men were induced to consent to ascend the pyre, and be burned upon it. Then, after the usual prayers and ceremonies, they mounted the wood, and awaited the end. But when the light was applied to the lower part, hearing the cracking sound, and affrighted by the prospect of death, they arose and ran here and there, and besought to be rescued—but all in vain; and then, in distraction, they prayed thus, “Oh, is there no one in the three worlds to pity us! Oh, come thou and rescue us!” Hearing these words, Buddha appeared in mid-air above them, and as they were filled with joy, he said :—
“Truly men seek (through fear) many a refuge; they resort to mountains and valleys, and spirits residing in trees; they erect images as gods, and pay religious worship to them, seeking happiness (merit). But such refuge as this is neither fortunate or best; not one of them is able to save thee from sorrow (or accumulated pain). But he who takes refuge in Buddha, the Law, and the Church, and with clear insight penetrates the meaning of the four truths, he will certainly attain (see) supreme wisdom. He who seeks personal refuge in these three, finds the most fortunate and the best. In these only, without other refuge, a man may find deliverance from all sorrow.”
On hearing these words, the sound of fire was no longer heard, and the Brahmans and their attendants, as they beheld Buddha (who now appeared) in his glory, were filled with joy, and beholding his miraculous appearances, were converted, and, descending from the pyre, they uttered these words :—
“Oh, the happiness of seeing the Holy One! Oh, the happiness of being able to rely on him as present! Oh, the joy of the man who is able to avoid the company of the foolish, and act well and virtuously by himself! How happy he who scrupulously guards the path of truth (true perception, or true ways); happy he who can repeat the Law; happy he who avoids discussion (contention) in the world; happy he who always observes the precepts; happy he who consorts with the good, and treats them as his own kith; he who frequents the company of the virtuous is a wise man, and of high renown.”
Having said these words, the seven men became Rahats, and the King and his ministers, with countless Devas, after entering the Paths, were privileged to see much rain descending on the land.
Beal 1In days of old Buddha was residing in Magadha, under the tree that overshadowed the Bodhimanda. Having by the power of his presence (virtue) overpowered Māra, he was considering with himself that the five men whom formerly his father had sent to look after him, and provide him with sufficient food, were in a condition to hear the sound of the drum of the Law of eternal life; and perceiving that they were at Benares, he immediately rose from underneath the tree, whilst the heaven and earth were lit up with a supernatural light, and the ground underneath him shook. Rejoiced at these indications, he went forward, and in the mid-road he encountered a Brahmachārin named Upaka (Yeon-fu), who had left his relations and home in search of a teacher to guide him in the way of truth. Beholding the World-honoured one, how reverend his appearance and joyous his mien as he went on the way, he cried to him with a loud voice, “O sir! full of religious thought and spiritual discernment, what is your history, and who has been your teacher, that you have arrived at such a condition as this?” To whom Buddha replied in the following stanzas :—
“Of myself, and by myself, have I attained to remove, nothing that defiles. All love of earthly things is at an end. I have destroyed the net of lust. Of myself, without any master, have I attained this position; nor need I now any protector or patron. Alone I stand, without any associate in conduct; having had this one aim, I have become Buddha (enlightened), and by this, have attained perfect holiness.”
Upaka having heard these words, without any spiritual understanding, asked further, “Well, Gotama, which way are you going?” To which Buddha replied, “I am going to Benares, to sound the drum of the insurpassable Law, which never yet has been heard, by which both Devas and men may attain Nirvāna, even as I now have attained.” Then Upaka joyously replied, “Well said! sadhu! may you, as you say, be able to declare the Law of Eternal Life! “And having said so, Upaka turned away on another way, and so lost the chance of finding a teacher to guide him into the right way. In the middle of that night Upaka died; on which occasion Buddha, perceiving the fact by his spiritual sight, spoke as follows (after a similar sentiment in prose):—
“Perceiving truth, pure and unalloyed, delivered from the five paths of destruction (five modes of birth), Buddha has come forth to enlighten the world, to make a way of escape from all sources of sorrow and pain. To be born as a man is difficult; to attain to years (i.e., to live long) is also difficult; to be born when Buddha is incarnate is difficult; and to hear the preaching of the Law of Buddha is difficult also.”
On hearing these words, five hundred heavenly visitors were filled with joy, and entered the Paths.
Beal 2In days of old there was a country about 4000 lis to the south of Rājagriha wholly given up to Brahmanic rites, with about a thousand Brahmans (or several thousands) as inhabitants. At a certain period there was a drought in that country, extending over a space of three years. In vain the people had made sacrifices to all their gods—no good resulted. At length the King asked the Brahmachārins how this happened; to which they replied, “We must observe the very utmost of the Law, and dismiss certain men to hold converse with Brahma Deva, and request an end of these calamities.” On which the King demanded their intentions, with a view to forward them, to which they replied, “We require to have twenty chariots, with wood, incense, unguents, flags, and money, and sacrificing vessels.” The King having provided these things, they departed from the city about seven lis, and there, on a level space of earth, they erected their wood on high, and then exhorted one another not to regard their present bodily condition, but to aspire to be born in the heaven of Brahma; and so at length seven men were induced to consent to ascend the pyre, and be burned upon it. Then, after the usual prayers and ceremonies, they mounted the wood, and awaited the end. But when the light was applied to the lower part, hearing the cracking sound, and affrighted by the prospect of death, they arose and ran here and there, and besought to be rescued—but all in vain; and then, in distraction, they prayed thus, “Oh, is there no one in the three worlds to pity us! Oh, come thou and rescue us!” Hearing these words, Buddha appeared in mid-air above them, and as they were filled with joy, he said :—
“Truly men seek (through fear) many a refuge; they resort to mountains and valleys, and spirits residing in trees; they erect images as gods, and pay religious worship to them, seeking happiness (merit). But such refuge as this is neither fortunate or best; not one of them is able to save thee from sorrow (or accumulated pain). But he who takes refuge in Buddha, the Law, and the Church, and with clear insight penetrates the meaning of the four truths, he will certainly attain (see) supreme wisdom. He who seeks personal refuge in these three, finds the most fortunate and the best. In these only, without other refuge, a man may find deliverance from all sorrow.”
On hearing these words, the sound of fire was no longer heard, and the Brahmans and their attendants, as they beheld Buddha (who now appeared) in his glory, were filled with joy, and beholding his miraculous appearances, were converted, and, descending from the pyre, they uttered these words :—
“Oh, the happiness of seeing the Holy One! Oh, the happiness of being able to rely on him as present! Oh, the joy of the man who is able to avoid the company of the foolish, and act well and virtuously by himself! How happy he who scrupulously guards the path of truth (true perception, or true ways); happy he who can repeat the Law; happy he who avoids discussion (contention) in the world; happy he who always observes the precepts; happy he who consorts with the good, and treats them as his own kith; he who frequents the company of the virtuous is a wise man, and of high renown.”
Having said these words, the seven men became Rahats, and the King and his ministers, with countless Devas, after entering the Paths, were privileged to see much rain descending on the land.