296. Bổn Sanh Jātaka (Trí Tuệ Và Phẩm Hạnh)

“Ko nāyaṁ loṇatoyasmiṁ,

samantā paridhāvati;

Macche makare ca vāreti,

ūmīsu ca vihaññati”.

“Anantapāyī sakuṇo,

atittoti disāsuto;

Samuddaṁ pātumicchāmi,

sāgaraṁ saritaṁ patiṁ”.

“So ayaṁ hāyati ceva,

pūrate ca mahodadhi;

Nāssa nāyati pītanto,

apeyyo kira sāgaro”ti.

Samuddajātakaṁ chaṭṭhaṁ.

“Over the salt sea wave,” etc.—This story the Master told at Jetavana, about Elder Upananda. This man was a great eater and drinker; there was no satisfying him even with cartloads of provisions. During the rainy season he would pass his time at two or three different settlements, leaving his shoes in one, his walking-stick in another, and his water jar in a third, and one he lived in himself. When he visited a country monastery, and saw the brothers with their requisites all ready, he began to talk about the four classes of contented ascetics; laid hold of their garments, and made them pick up rags from the dust-heap; made them take earthen bowls, and give him any bowls that he fancied and their metal bowls; then he filled a cart with them, and carried them off to Jetavana. One day people began to talk in the Hall of Truth. “Friend, Upananda of the Sakka clan, a great eater, a greedy fellow, has been preaching religion to other people, and here he comes with a cartful of priests’ property!” The Master came in, and wanted to know what they were talking of as they sat there. They told him. “Brethren,” said he, “Upananda has gone wrong before by talking about this contentment. But a man ought first of all to become modest in his desires, before praising the good behaviour of other people.

“Yourself first stablish in propriety,
Then teach; the wise should not self-seeking be.” PTS vp En 302

Pointing out this verse from the Dhammapada, and blaming Upananda, he went on, “This is not the first time, Brethren, that Upananda has been greedy. Long ago, he thought even the water in the ocean ought to be saved.” And he told an old-world tale.

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Once upon a time, when Brahmadatta was king of Benares, the Bodhisatta became a Sea-spirit. Now it so happened that a Water-crow was passing over the sea. He went flying about, and trying to cheek the shoals of fish and flocks of birds, crying,

“Don’t drink too much of the sea-water! be careful of it!” PTS vp Pali 442 On seeing him, the Sea-spirit repeated the first stanza:

“Over the salt sea wave who flies?
Who checks the shoals of fish, and tries
The monsters of the deep to stay
Lest all the sea be drunk away?”

The Water-crow heard this, and answered with the second stanza:

“A drinker never satisfied
So people call me the world wide,
To drink the sea I fain would trey,
And drain the lord of rivers dry.’”

On hearing which the Sea-spirit repeated the third:

“The ocean ever ebbs away,
And fills again the selfsame day.
Who ever knew the sea to fail?
To drink it up can none avail!”

With these words the spirit assumed a terrible shape and frightened the Water-crow away.

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When the Master had ended this discourse, he identified the Birth: “At that time, Upananda was the Water-crow, but the Spirit was I myself.”