473. Bổn Sanh Jātaka (Gương Sáng Sự Thật)

“Kāni kammāni kubbānaṁ,

kathaṁ viññū parakkame;

Amittaṁ jāneyya medhāvī,

disvā sutvā ca paṇḍito”.

“Na naṁ umhayate disvā,

na ca naṁ paṭinandati;

Cakkhūni cassa na dadāti,

paṭilomañca vattati.

Amitte tassa bhajati,

mitte tassa na sevati;

Vaṇṇakāme nivāreti,

akkosante pasaṁsati.

Guyhañca tassa nakkhāti,

tassa guyhaṁ na gūhati;

Kammaṁ tassa na vaṇṇeti,

paññassa nappasaṁsati.

Abhave nandati tassa,

bhave tassa na nandati;

Accheraṁ bhojanaṁ laddhā,

tassa nuppajjate sati;

Tato naṁ nānukampati,

aho sopi labheyyito.

Iccete soḷasākārā,

amittasmiṁ patiṭṭhitā;

Yehi amittaṁ jāneyya,

disvā sutvā ca paṇḍito”.

“Kāni kammāni kubbānaṁ,

kathaṁ viññū parakkame;

Mittaṁ jāneyya medhāvī,

disvā sutvā ca paṇḍito.

Pavutthaṁ tassa sarati,

āgataṁ abhinandati;

Tato kelāyito hoti,

vācāya paṭinandati.

Mitte tasseva bhajati,

amitte tassa na sevati;

Akkosante nivāreti,

vaṇṇakāme pasaṁsati.

Guyhañca tassa akkhāti,

tassa guyhañca gūhati;

Kammañca tassa vaṇṇeti,

paññaṁ tassa pasaṁsati.

Bhave ca nandati tassa,

abhave tassa na nandati;

Accheraṁ bhojanaṁ laddhā,

tassa uppajjate sati;

Tato naṁ anukampati,

aho sopi labheyyito.

Iccete soḷasākārā,

Mittasmiṁ suppatiṭṭhitā;

Yehi mittañca jāneyya,

Disvā sutvā ca paṇḍito”ti.

Mittāmittajātakaṁ dasamaṁ.

Dvādasakanipātaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ.

Tassuddānaṁ

Lahucitta sasāla kasanti puna,

Atha kāma dasakhaluṭṭhānavaro;

Atha kaṇha sukosiya meṇḍavaro,

Padumo puna mittavarena dasāti.

“How should the wise,” etc.—This story the Master told while dwelling in Jetavana, about an upright courtier of the king of Kosala.

This man, they say, was most useful to the king, and then the king bestowed on him great honour. The other courtiers being unable to stomach him, accused him to the king of having done things to the king’s hurt. The king made enquiry about him, and finding in him no fault, thought, “I see no fault in the man; how can I know whether he be my friend or foe?” Then he thought, “No one, save the Tathagata, PTS vp Pali 197 will be able to decide this question; I will go and ask him.” So after he had broken his fast he visited the Master, and said, “How can one tell, Sir, of any man, whether he be friend or foe?” Then the Master replied, “Wise men of old, O king, have pondered this problem, and have questioned the wise about it, and following their advice, have discovered the truth, and renouncing their enemies have paid attention to their friends.” This said, at his request, he told a story of the past.

Once upon a time, when Brahmadatta was king of Benares, the Bodhisatta was a courtier who advised him on things spiritual and things temporal. At that time, the rest slandered a certain courtier who was upright. The king seeing no fault in him, asked the Great Being, “Now in what can one tell friend or foe?” repeating the first stanza:

“How should the wise and prudent strive, how may discernment know,
What deeds declare to eye or ear the man that is a foe?”

Then the Great Being repeated these five stanzas to explain the marks of an enemy:

“He smiles not when you see him, no welcome will he show,
He will not turn his eyes that way, and answers you with No.

“Your enemies he honours, he cares not for your friends,
Those who would praise your worth, he stays, your slanderers commends.

“No secret tells he to you, your secret he betrays,
Speaks never well of what you do, your wisdom will not praise.

“He joys not at your welfare, but at your evil fame:
Should he receive some dainty, he thinks not of your name,
Nor pities you, nor cries aloud-O, had my friend the same!

“These are the sixteen tokens by which a foe you see
These if a wise man sees or hears he knows his enemy.”

PTS vp Pali 198 “How should the wise and prudent strive, what will discernment lend,
What deeds declare to eye and ear the man that is a friend?” PTS vp En 123

The other, thus questioned in these lines, recited the remaining stanzas:

“The absent he remembers; returned, he will rejoice:
Then in the height of his delight he greets you with his voice.

“Your foes he never honours, he loves to serve your friends,
Those who would slander you, he stays; who praise you, he commends.

“He tells his secrets to you, your secret ne’er betrays,
Speaks ever well of all you do, your wisdom loves to praise.

“He joys to hear your welfare, not in your evil fame:
Should he receive some dainty, he straight thinks on your name,
And pities you, and cries aloud-O had my friend the same!

“These are the sixteen tokens in friends established well,
Which if a wise man sees or hears he can a true friend tell.”

PTS vp Pali 199 The king, delighted at the speech of the Great Being, gave him the highest honour.

The Master, having ended this discourse, said, “Thus, great king, this question arose in days of yore, even as now, and wise men said their say; by these two-and-thirty signs may friend or foe be known.” With those words, he identified the Birth: “At that time, Ananda was the king, and I myself was the wise courtier.”